Background: The exorbitant cost of wheat-based foods in non-wheat growing countries has necessitated looking for more enriched and sustainable alternative flour from botanicals that can be mixed and used to produce baked products including biscuits. The study aimed to make biscuits using three different fermented and unfermented mixtures of flour (sweet potato, pigeon pea, and yellow maize). Methods: Starch-rich tubers of yellow-fleshed cultivar of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), yellow maize (Zea mays) grains, and pigeon peas (Cajanus cajan) seeds were purchased from food merchants in the Uchi market, located in Auchi area of Edo State, southern Nigeria in June 2022. These botanical samples were taxonomically validated. The samples were divided into two parts fermented and unfermented, prepared and produced into flour forms. The blended raw materials into flour were mixed in order of sweet potato: pigeon pea: maize (composite mix two 60.00:25.47:14.53, composite mix five 67.70:20.00:12.31 and composite mix eight 61.72:25.24:13.04) were selected to produce biscuits while 100% wheat was used as control. Biscuits were produced from the flour using a standard recipe. The obtained results were presented in mean±SD format of interpretations. Analytical significance dissimilarity between the means samples were considered based on one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using IBM Statistical software. Results: It revealed that fermentation increased techno-functional properties containing crude fiber (3.464±0.01-3.485±0.01) and ashes (3.688±0.11-3.711±0.11), while reducing fat (17.339±0.03) and moisture contents (3.639±0.05), the control had the highest protein (12.805±0.25) and lowest carbohydrate (55.622±0.12). The fermented biscuits had more flavonoids (23.162±0.36-23.852±0.60), saponins (14.793±0.07-23.495±0.03). Additionally, fermentation enhanced the potassium bioavailability of the products (19.803±0.00-25.264±0.05). There was high free radical scavenging activity and color for all the fermented samples than unfermented and controlled biscuits. Conclusion: According to the research, ternary flour mixes from the botanicals could lead to products with improved nutritional composition, functional properties, and antioxidant attributes to further improve biscuit quality. DOI: 10.18502/jfqhc.11.1.14992

The Caspian kutum, Rutilus frisii kutum, and grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella are two commercially important fishes with similar external features, the first one being endemic to the Caspian Sea, and the second one is cultured in freshwater polyculture system.In this study the NUTRIENT composition of these fishes were compared. Then with the intention of better shelf-life, their hot processed marinades were organoleptically analysed at intervals of 2, 4, 6 and 8 months, using Total Volatile Nitrogen (T.V.N) and peroxid values.The comparison of the fish composition with Duncan test showed no significant difference (p< %5) in average amount of protein, ash and energy content, but significant difference in amount of lipid, P, Ca content, iodine value, saponification value, acid value, peroxide value (at 0,1,3,5 and 7 days after oil extraction) was observed. It means that lipid content, peroxide value and acid value in kutum were higher than grass carp (0.93%, 1.5 mEq/kg and 4.33% fatty acid according to oleic acid, respectively), and Ca, P contents, iodine value and saponification value, on the other hand, were higher in grass carp (39.89 and 12.01 mg/100g , 6.20 %12 and 8.62 mgKOH/g, respectively). The organoleptic results showed that the produced marinade from grass carp (according to variance analysis) is perferable than the other one. Also, it was found that this marinade can be stored during 6 months at 10°C in good condition.

AbstractThe importance of proper plant nutrition and the use of biofertilizers along with the optimal use of chemical fertilizers is a new approach that leads to high production and yield of the plant. In this study, the effect of planting medium and different fertilizers on the morphological characteristics of Physalis plant was investigated as a split plot experiment in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor includes planting medium in four levels of control, manure, vermicompost and the combination of manure and vermicompost and the second factor the effect of different fertilizers in six levels including control, NPK chemical fertilizer, potash chelate 28%, iron nano chelate 15%, supra humic and biomass biofertilizer was applied to the soil during the growing season. The highest fruit yield per plant, number of leaves, leaf area, plant height, fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots, was in the culture medium of vermicompost + vermicompost and biomic nano-biological fertilizer. The results of mean comparison showed that the highest fruit yield per plant was in the medium of animal manure + vermicompost and with the application of bio-nano biological biofertilizer (2.29 kg per plant). Also, the lowest fruit yield per plant was observed in the control treatment (0.49 g per plant). Therefore, in order to benefit more from the benefits of vermicompost in planting medium and biological fertilizers, it is recommended to include them in the nutrition program of Physalis plant to improve important growth and yield parameters and maintain human health by using biological fertilizers.IntroductionPhysalis (Physalis peruviana L.) belongs to the Solanaceae family, a tropical plant native to South America. Among the physalis species, the peruviana species is prominent due to its unique taste and high yield. Small fruits are consumed fresh and there is a limit in the use of chemicals to increase their quality. Therefore, the importance of proper nutrition of plants and the use of biological fertilizers along with the optimal use of chemical fertilizers is a new approach that leads to high plant production and performance. Physalis fruit is a very valuable product because of its unique taste, texture and color.Materials and MethodsIn this research, the effect of planting medium and different fertilizers on the morphological characteristics of Physalis plants was investigated in the form of split plots in the form of randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor includes the planting medium in four control levels, manure, vermicompost and the combination of manure and vermicompost, and the second factor is the effect of different fertilizers in six levels including control, NPK chemical fertilizer, potassium chelates 28%, iron nano chelates 15%. %, superhumic biofertilizer and biomass were applied to the soil during the growing season. Parameters such as plant height, leaf surface, number of nodes, internode distance, number of fruits per plant, soluble solids, and the concentration of NUTRIENTs were investigated and studied.Results and DiscussionThe highest yield of fruit per plant, number of leaves, leaf area, plant height, dry weight and dry weight of shoots and roots were found in the manure + vermicompost cultivation medium and with the application of biomic biological nano fertilizer. So that the average comparison results showed that the maximum number of fruits per plant was in the manure + vermicompost cultivation medium and with the use of biomic nano biological fertilizer (2.29 kg per plant). Also, the lowest number of fruits per plant was observed in the control treatment (0.49 g per plant). In the vermicompost + manure culture medium and biomic biological nano fertilizer application, the highest amount of soluble solids was 16.5 degrees Brix and the lowest of this index was observed in the control treatment (without fertilizer) at 14 degrees Brix. The highest concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were respectively (2.35 percent), (0.55 percent), and (3.5 percent) in the treatment of vermicompost + manure and biomic biological nanofertilizer, while the lowest concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and Potassium was observed respectively (1.15%), (0.32%) and (2.10%) in the control treatment (without fertilizer). In the treatment of manure + vermicompost and with the application of biomic biological nano fertilizer, the most chlorophyll a (8.5 mg/g fresh weight), b (7 mg/g fresh weight), total (16 mg/g fresh weight) and carotenoid (6 mg/g fresh weight) was obtained. Therefore, it is recommended to take advantage of the benefits of vermicompost in the planting medium and biological fertilizers, to include them in the nutritional program of the physalis plant so that important growth and yield parameters are improved and human health is maintained by using biological fertilizers.ConclusionIn general, the results showed that the use of biological fertilizers, having many advantages such as water retention capacity, improving the nutritional status of the soil, increasing the growth characteristics and the concentration of NUTRIENTs, has been able to increase the dry weight of the plant, and then increase the yield of the plant and increase the concentration of total soluble solids in the fruit and increase the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements in the plant. For this reason, it is recommended to use vermicompost planting bed with 5 tons per hectare in combination with 20 tons per hectare of manure and the use of biomic biological Nano fertilizer in the physalis plant cultivation and nutrition programs.

A feeding trial was conducted to examine the effects of dietary supplementation of lysine and methionineon growth, NUTRIENT utilization and carcass COMPOSITIONS in beluga, Huso huso. Four experimental soyprotein based diets D0 (without lysine or methionine supplementation), D1 (lysine supplementation alone), D2 (methionine supplementation alone) and D3 (both lysine and methionine supplementation) were fed totriplicate groups.240 fish with average weight of 144.6±4.64 g were fed the experimental diets for12wk. L-Lysine and DL-methionine were added to the diets containing 344 g kg-1 soybean meals at 22.02and 12.94 g kg-1 of dry diet respectively. Significant higher weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, condition factor, feed efficiency ratio, whole muscle protein and protein apparent digestibility were observed in fish fed soya protein-based diet supplemented with both lysine and methionine than that of fish of other dietary groups. There were no significant differences among fish feddiet supplemented with either methionine or lysine. Growth performances, feed utilization, carcass composition and apparent digestibility coefficients of protein, lipid and dry matter of fish fed control diet was significantly lower than those of fish fed diet supplemented both lysine and methionine and supplemented with either methionine or lysine. It can be concluded that beluga, fingerlings effectively utilize the supplemental amino acids (L-Lysine at 22.02 g kg-1 dry diet and DL-methionine at 12.94 g kg-1 dry diet) in the diets containing 344 g kg-1 soybean meals for better carcass proximate COMPOSITIONS, growth performance and feed efficiency and utilization.

‘Lion’ is one of symbols of creation that has often mentioned in Shahnameh of Firdausi with varying topics and themes. It is evident that topics related to lion do not come from Shahnameh alone hence, its complete inquiry is not possible without reviewing other epical COMPOSITIONS followed Shahnameh.In order to understand all topics and indications related to lion, it is necessary to study Shahnamed and 10 other epical COMPOSITIONS (such as Gashesp Nameh, Borzunameh, Bahman Nameh, Jahangir Nameh, Sam Nameh, Shehryar Nameh, Faramarz Nameh, Kak Kuhzad, Kush Nameh and Girshasp Nameh). After reviewing them, this paper has extracted, classified and made an analysis of the most important mythological-epical and ceremonial themes of this animal. These themes include kepi lion, soldier lion, lion leather and fighting tool, totem lion, portrait lion, and rules of lion worshipping, guardian of tomb and treasure, magic lion, astrological explications of lion, child and lion.

Background and objective: The composition of olive oil is significantly affected by the cultivar and climatic conditions. The present study determined the chemical characteristics of olive oil extracted from two major Iranian varieties of olive (yellow and local oil-grade) in Shiraz and Kazeroon, two major olive producing areas in Fars province.Materials and methods: The composition of olive oil is significantly affected by the cultivar and climatic conditions. The present study determined the chemical characteristics of olive oil extracted from two major Iranian varieties of olive (yellow and local oil-grade) in Shiraz and Kazeroon, two major olive producing areas in Fars province.Results: The results showed that the physical and chemical properties of both cultivars are in accordance with national and international standards. There was a significant difference in acidity, iodine content and peroxide content between cultivars (P<0.05) in both regions, but the differences between saponification and nonsaponifiable matter were not statistically significant (P³0.05). The oleic acid content of the yellow cultivar was higher than the local oil-grade, and the palmitic, palmitoleic, linoleic, and linolenic acid content in the local oil-grade was higher. There was a positive correlation between oleic acid content and temperature. The oleic acid content of the local oil-grade cultivar in Kazeroon was lower than codex standards and the yellow cultivar of Shiraz had the highest oleic acid content.Conclusion: The superior quality of the yellow cultivar of Shiraz, which had the highest oleic acid content (75%) and lowest linoleic acid content recommends it as the best variety. The inferior quality of the local oil-grade olive is demonstrated by its low oleic acid content and high linoleic acid content. These results indicate that the quality of the olive oil depends both on the olive cultivar and geographical region.

Background: An effec ve polymer gel dosimeter can be fabricated by varying the composi on of its chemical components. Materials and Methods: The MAGAT gel dosimeter formula ons that used different composi ons of Methacrylic acid (MAA) and gela n were extensively inves gated in the present study according to the R2– dose response and R2– dose sensi vity. The irradia on of MAGAT gel was performed by 6-MV photon beam at a dose range 1 to 10 Gy and was imaged by 1. 5T Magne c Resonance Imaging (MRI). The dose response of MAGAT gel dosimeter was obtained from spin-spin relaxa on rate (R2) of MRI signal. Results: The MAGAT gel dosimeter composed of 5% gela n and 6% MAA gave the highest sensi vity (1. 1180 s-1Gy-1). Conclusion: Understanding the effects of the composi onal changes will help to clarify the mechanisms involved in the dose response of the MAGAT gel dosimeter.

Khaghani is the great poet in twelfth century. His huge poetic collection comprises various groups of religious, theological, philosophical, medical, astronomical, literary and mystic sciences and teachings. In versification, he was influenced by Sanaei and versified a lot of poems about admonishment, hermetic, mystic and research topics like him.Although like Molana’s Spiritual Couplets (Masnavi-E-Manavi) and Attar’s Conference of the Birds (Manteq-Al-Tayr), Khaghani’s poetic collection is exclusively a mystic work, but in this book, Khaghani has been benefited from mystic implications, concepts and terms. Poet’s utilization technique is influenced by his individual style; namely, in this work, he has innovated allusive case COMPOSITIONS with new and pure implication. In this technique of innovating composition and implication, poet’s effort has been focused further on verse horizontal axis and ode and it has not interpreted mystic concepts linearly and widely like other theosophical poetic collections. In addition to deterministic expedience of ode form, this is derived from poet’s individual style where he tries to make rhetoric COMPOSITIONS by mystic concepts, terms and interpretations and draw audience’s attention toward his personal art, submerging him/ her in it.